马斯克Neuralink发布会 1.5秒“插脑” 2026年治愈失明

埃隆·马斯克在Neuralink夏季发布会上揭露了Neuralink团队在脑机接口领域的突破性进展。通过解密大脑与意识的奥秘，展示了未来人与机器无缝沟通的可能，实现超高速“心灵感应”。这不仅是科技革新，也是人类发展的重要里程碑。

Hi everyone.

大家好。

Welcome to the Neuralink presentation.

欢迎来到Neuralink发布会。

This is an update for the progress of the Neuralink team.

这是Neuralink团队进展的最新消息。

It's been an incredible amount of progress.

我们取得了极大的进展。

We're gonna start off high level, generally describing what Neuralink's doing, and then we're gonna have a very deep technical dive so you can actually get an understanding of what exactly we're doing at a granular level, and what we can do to enhance human capabilities and ultimately build a great future for humanity.

我们先从宏观层面开始，总体描述一下Neuralink在做什么，然后我们会进行非常深入的技术探讨，这样你就能真正从微观层面理解我们到底在做什么，以及我们如何增强人类能力，最终为人类创造一个美好的未来。

So that's a, those are neurons firing.

那些就是神经元在放电。

It's funny to think that me talking right now is a bunch of neurons firing that then result in speech that you hear and cause neurons to fire in your brain.

有趣的是，我现在说话也是一系列神经元放电的结果，这些放电产生你们听到的语音，并引发你们大脑中的神经元放电。

Part of this presentation is about demystifying the brain.

这次发布会的一部分内容是揭开大脑的神秘面纱。

It is a remarkable organ.

大脑是一个了不起的器官。

I mean, we are the brain, basically.

我的意思是，我们本质上就是大脑。

When you say you, that really is you're the brain.

当你说到“你”的时候，其实指的是你的大脑。

Like you can get a heart transplant, you can get a kidney transplant, but I don't know anyone who's gotten a brain transplant.

你可以进行心脏移植，可以进行肾脏移植，但我没听说过有人进行过大脑移植。

So you are your brain.

所以你就是你的大脑。

And your experiences are these neurons firing with the trillions of synapses that somehow lead to conscious comprehension of the world.

你的体验就是这些神经元通过数万亿突触的放电，以某种方式形成了对世界的意识理解。

This is something that we have only begun to understand.

我们对这方面的了解才刚刚开始。

We're really just barely at the beginning of understanding of what is the nature of consciousness.

我们确实仅处于对意识本质理解的起始阶段。

And I've thought a lot about what is consciousness?

我经常思考：意识是什么？

Where does consciousness arise?

意识从何而来？

Because if you start at the beginning of the universe, assuming physics is true, the standard model of physics is true, then you have this... Big bang, the matter condensing into stars, those stars exploding.

因为如果从宇宙的起点开始，假设物理学是正确的，标准的物理模型是正确的，那么你会看到……大爆炸，物质凝聚成恒星，恒星爆炸。

A lot of the atoms that are in your body right now were once at the center of stars.

你身体里很多原子曾经都在恒星的中心。

Those stars exploded, recondensed.

那些恒星爆炸后又重新凝聚。

Fast forward 13.8 billion years and here we are.

快进到138亿年后，我们来到了现在。

And somewhere along that very long journey to us at least, consciousness arose, or the molecules started talking to each other.

在我们漫长的形成过程中，至少在某个阶段，意识产生了，或者说分子开始相互交流。

And it begs the question of what is consciousness?

这就引出了什么是意识的问题。

Is everything conscious?

一切事物都有意识吗？

Maybe.

也许是。

It's hard to say where along that line, that there's no sort of discrete point where consciousness didn't exist and then suddenly does exist.

很难说在那个过程中，有没有一个明确的点，意识从不存在突然变为存在。

It seems to be, maybe you have a condensation of matter that has a density of, we don't know what, the real answer is we don't know what consciousness is.

似乎是一种物质的凝聚，达到了某种密度，我们不知道，实际情况是我们不知道意识是什么。

But with Neuralink and the progress that the company's making, we'll begin to understand a lot more about consciousness.

但随着Neuralink以及公司所取得的进展，我们将对意识有更深的了解。

And what does it mean to be?

那么存在的意义是什么？

Along the way, we're going to solve a lot of brain issues where the brains get damaged, injured or damaged in some way or didn't develop in quite the right way.

在这个过程中，我们会解决很多大脑出现的问题，比如大脑受损、受伤或发育异常的情况。

There's a lot of brain and spine injuries that will show along the way.

在我们前进的道路上，会有很多大脑和脊柱受伤的情况出现。

And I do want to emphasize that this is all going to happen quite slowly, meaning you'll see it coming.

我还要强调的是，这一切都会发生得很缓慢，你会看到这一切逐渐发生。

Sometimes people think that suddenly there will be vast numbers of neural links all over the place.

有时候人们认为突然之间就会有大量的神经连接装置出现。

This is not going to be sudden.

这不会突然发生。

You'll be able to watch it happen over the course of several years.

经过数年之后，你们会看到它逐步发展。

And we go through exhaustive regulatory approvals.

我们会经过严格的监管审批。

So this is not something that we're just doing by ourselves without government oversight.

我们并不是在没有政府监管的情况下自行开展工作。

We work closely with the regulators every step of the way.

我们每一步都与监管机构紧密合作。

We're very cautious with neural links in humans.

我们在人类使用神经连接装置方面非常谨慎。

That's the reason we're not moving faster than we are is because we're taking great care with each individual to make sure we never miss.

我们之所以没有比现在更快地推进，原因就是我们对每一个个体都非常小心谨慎，以确保万无一失。

And so far we haven't, and I hope that continues into the future.

到目前为止，我们还没有失误，我希望这种情况能够在未来持续下去。

Every single one of our implants in humans is working and working quite well.

我们植入人类大脑的每一个装置都在工作，并且工作得很好。

And you'll get to hear from some of the people that have received the implants and cared in their words.

你们会听到一些接受植入的人亲口讲述他们的体验。

So what we're creating here with a Neuralink device is a generalized input-output technology for the brain.

我们通过Neuralink设备创造的是一种通用的大脑输入输出技术。

So it's how do you get information into or out of the brain and do so in a way that does not damage the brain or cause any negative side effects.

即如何将信息输入或输出大脑，同时又不损伤大脑或产生任何副作用。

So it's a very hard problem.

这是一个非常棘手的问题。

And Generally, the reactions I've seen to this range from it's impossible to it's already been done before.

通常，我见到人们的反应从“这根本不可能”到“早就有人做过了”都有。

Those people should meet, actually.

其实那些人应该互相认识一下。

The reality is that there actually have been limited brain-to-computer interfaces for several decades on a very basic basis.

现实情况是，几十年来确实已经有了一些非常基础的大脑与计算机的接口。

What we're doing with Neuralink is dramatically increasing the bandwidth by many orders of magnitude.

我们用Neuralink所做的，是将带宽大幅提高好几个数量级。

A human bandwidth output is less than one bit per second over the course of a day.

人类的输出带宽每天不到1比特/秒。

So there's 86,400 seconds in a day.

一天有86400秒。

It's very rare for a person to do more than 86,400 bits of output per day.

一个人在一天内输出超过86400比特的情况非常罕见。

You'd have to be really talking a lot or typing all day and you might exceed that.

除非你一直在说话或者整天都在打字，否则你可能达不到这个数字。

So what we're talking about here is going from maybe one bit per second to ultimately megabits and then gigabits per second, and the ability to do conceptual, consensual telepathy.

我们这里所说的是从可能的每秒1比特提高到最终的每秒兆比特甚至千兆比特，并且能够实现概念性的共识心灵感应。

Now the input to the brain is much higher, especially because of vision.

大脑的输入带宽要高得多，尤其是因为视觉的存在。

Depending upon how you count it, it might be on the order of a megabit or in the megabit range for input primarily due to sight.

根据你的计算方式，输入带宽可能大约在兆比特级别，或者在这个数量级范围内，主要是因为视觉。

But even for input, we think that can be dramatically increased to the gigabit plus level.

但对于输入来说，我们认为也可以将其大幅提高到每秒千兆比特以上的水平。

And a lot of the thinking that we do is we take a concept in our mind and we compress that into a small number of symbols.

我们很多时候的思考过程是，我们在脑海中形成一个概念，然后将其压缩成少量的符号。

So when you're trying to communicate with somebody else, you're actually trying to model their mind state and and then take perhaps quite a complex idea that you have, maybe even a complex image or scene or kind of mental video, and try to compress that into a few words or a few keystrokes.

所以当你试图与别人交流时，你实际上是在试图模拟他们的思维状态，然后将你可能拥有的一些相当复杂的想法，也许是一个复杂的图像或场景，或者是一种心理视频，尝试将其压缩成几个词或几个按键操作。

And it's necessarily going to be very lossy.

这必然会有很大损失。

Your ability to communicate is very limited by how fast you can talk and how fast you can type.

你交流的能力受到你说话和打字速度的限制。

And what we're talking about is unlocking that potential to enable you to communicate, like I said, thousands, perhaps millions of times faster than is currently possible.

而我们所说的是要释放这种潜力，使你能够以目前可能速度的数千倍甚至数百万倍来进行交流。

This is an incredibly profound breakthrough.

这是一个极其深刻的突破。

This would be a fundamental change to what it means to be a human.

这将彻底改变人类的定义。

So we're starting off with reducing human suffering or addressing issues that people have, say if they've been in an accident or they have some neural disease that's degenerative, so they're losing capability to move their body or some kind of injury, essentially.

我们首先从减少人类痛苦开始，或者解决人们存在的问题，比如他们遭遇了事故，或者他们患有某种神经退行性疾病，导致他们失去控制身体的能力，或者某种损伤，本质上就是这样。

So our first product is called Telepathy, and that enables someone who has lost the ability to command their body, to be able to communicate with a computer and move the mouse and actually operate a computer with roughly the same dexterity, ultimately much more dexterity than a human with working hands.

我们的第一个产品叫做心灵感应，它能够使那些失去控制身体能力的人能够与计算机进行交流，移动鼠标，并且以大致相同的灵活性来操作计算机，最终比拥有正常双手的人类还要灵活得多。

Then our next product is BlindSight, which will enable those who have total loss of vision, including if they've lost their eyes or the optic nerve, or maybe have never seen, or even blind from birth, to be able to see again.

然后我们的下一个产品是盲视，它将使那些完全失明的人，包括那些失去了眼睛或视神经的人，或者从未见过光，甚至是天生失明的人，能够重见光明。

Initially low resolution, but ultimately very high resolution, and then in multiple wavelengths.

初期分辨率较低，但最终会达到高清，甚至多光谱视觉。

So it could be like Geordi La Forge in Star Trek, and you can see in radar, you can see in infrared, ultraviolet, superhuman capabilities, cybernetic enhancement, essentially.

就像《星际迷航》中的乔迪·拉弗吉，可以看到雷达、红外线、紫外线，实现超人类能力。这本质上是一种赛博格增强。

And then along the way, this should help us understand a lot more about consciousness.

在这个过程中，这将帮助我们更多地了解意识。

What does it mean to be a conscious creature?

作为有意识的生物，它意味着什么？

We'll understand vastly more about the nature of consciousness as a result of this.

我们将因此对意识的本质有更深的了解。

And then ultimately, I think this helps mitigate the civilizational risk of artificial intelligence.

最终，我认为这有助于减轻人工智能对文明的风险。

We already sort of have three layers of thinking.

我们好像已经有了三个思维层次。

There's the limbic system, which is kind of your instincts, your cortical system, which is your higher level planning and thinking, and then the tertiary layer, which is the computers and machines that you interact with, like your phone, all the applications you use.

边缘系统负责本能，大脑皮层负责高级规划和思考，第三层是你交互的计算机和设备，比如你的手机和所有应用程序。

So people actually are already a cyborg, maybe have an intuitive sense for this by how much you miss your phone if you leave it behind.

所以人们实际上已经是赛博格了，如果你忘带手机时你会一直念念不忘，从这就能直观感受到。

Leaving your phone behind is like, it's almost like missing limb syndrome.

忘记带手机就像是一种肢体缺失综合征。

Your phone is somewhat of an extension of yourself as is your computer.

你的手机在某种程度上是你自身的一种延伸，你的电脑也是如此。

So you already have this digital tertiary layer, but the bandwidth between your cortex and your digital tertiary layer is limited.

所以你已经拥有了这个数字第三层，但是你的大脑皮层和数字第三层之间的带宽是有限的。

By speech and by how fast you can move your fingers and how fast you can consume information visually.

它受到说话和手指移动速度以及视觉信息接收速度的限制。

So, but I think it's actually very important for us to address that input output bandwidth constraint in order for the collective will of humanity to match the will of artificial intelligence.

但我认为，对我们来说，解决输入输出带宽限制这个问题实际上非常重要，以便让人类的集体意志能够与人工智能的意志相匹配。

That's my intuition at least.

至少这是我的直觉。

我